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Information från myndigheter och organisationer
- Arkiveringsdatum 210616:
- Delmi rapport om utvisade till Afghanistan och Irak: De som skickades tillbaka
- FARR: Vilket återvändande? Och till vad?
- Study: Experiences of deported Afghans in current developments in Afghanistan
- Arkiveringsdatum 201002:
- Picum: Deportations from Europe: individual stories told in new publication
- Arkiveringsdatum 200208:
- Unprepared for (re)integration: Lessons learned from refugee returns to urban areas
Arkiveringsdatum 220215:
Human Rights Watch 22-02-03:
Deported Cameroonian asylum seekers suffer serious harm
Cameroonian authorities subjected dozens of asylum seekers deported by the United States to serious human rights violations between 2019 and 2021, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.
The 149-page report, "'How Can You Throw Us Back?': Asylum Seekers Abused in the US and Deported to Harm in Cameroon," traces what happened to the estimated 80 to 90 Cameroonians deported from the United States on two flights in October and November 2020, and others deported in 2021 and 2019. People returned to Cameroon faced arbitrary arrest and detention; enforced disappearances; torture, rape, and other violence; extortion; unfair prosecutions; confiscation of their national IDs; harassment; and abuses against their relatives. Many also reported experiencing excessive force, medical neglect, and other mistreatment in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody in the US.
"The US government utterly failed Cameroonians with credible asylum claims by sending them back to harm in the country they fled, as well as mistreating already traumatized people before and during deportation," said Lauren Seibert, refugee and migrant rights researcher at Human Rights Watch. "The Cameroon and US governments need to remedy these abuses, and US authorities should provide opportunities for wrongly deported Cameroonians to return and reapply for asylum."
By returning Cameroonians to face persecution, torture, and other serious harm, the US violated the principle of nonrefoulement, a cornerstone of international refugee and human rights law.
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Läs mer (Extern länk)
innehållArkiveringsdatum 210616:
Delmi 21-06-15:
De som skickades tillbaka
Återvändande och återintegration av avvisade asylsökande till Afghanistan och Irak
Kombinationen av att inte vara tillräckligt informerad om den svenska asyl- och återvändandeprocessen och traumatiska upplevelser innan och under migrationsresan har en inverkan på förmågan att förstå ett återvändandebeslut. Det är en av slutsatserna i denna rapport som redogör för det AMIF-finansierade projektet Återvändande och återintegration.
I Delmis nya rapport undersöks vad som påverkar viljan att återvända till ursprungslandet samt hur man lyckas med återintegrationen. Studien baseras på 100 intervjuer med personer som har återvänt självmant och ofrivilligt till Afghanistan respektive Irak. Under 2020 besvarade informanterna frågor om hur deras liv såg ut innan och under resan till Sverige, perioden under asylprövningen och efter själva återvändandet. Det fyller en kunskapslucka om asylsökandes upplevelser och hur förutsättningarna ser ut för att kunna återintegreras.
Ett frivilligt och hållbart återvändande och återintegration är ett eftersträvat mål som problematiseras av rapportförfattarna då definitionerna återspeglar den politiska viljan i Sverige och i EU snarare än återvändarnas verklighet. En kontext med politisk, social och ekonomisk instabilitet kan inte anses vara hållbar om push-faktorerna kvarstår efter återvändande. Det bekräftas av att över hälften av respondenter planerar att återmigrera.
Några övergripande slutsatser och rekommendationer
Utforma en bättre kommunikationsstrategi mellan myndigheter och migranter. En professionalisering av tolktjänster och i de offentliga ombudens arbete behövs vilket i sin tur också skulle stärka rättssäkerheten i asylprocessen.
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FARR 21-06-15:
Vilket återvändande? Och till vad?
FARR har tagit del av Delmis rapport "De som skickades tillbaka".
Det är angeläget att förstå vilka problem som uppstår vid tvångsutvisningar och andra typer av återvändande. Delmis rapport är ett viktigt och välkommet bidrag till detta. Men till åtminstone Afghanistan borde det inte ske några utvisningar alls på grund av säkerhetsläget i landet. Personer med utvisningsbeslut väljer idag att fly till ett annat EU land med en mindre stram praxis mot Afghanistan eller i de flesta fall stanna i Sverige, ibland utan vare sig boende eller medel till livets nödtorft.. Med förfäran ser FARR, delvis med rapporten som underlag, att en svår tillvaro utan papper i Sverige trots allt är mer uthärdlig än att utvisas till Afghanistan.
Oklarheter kring återvändadestöd
FARR känner igen mycket av den bild Delmi presenterar i rapporten. Återvändandestödet som det är utformat idag är både svårt att förstå och innebär en osäkerhet om en person faktiskt kommer få del av det efter att ha lämnat Sverige. FARR efterfrågar rimlig uppföljning, både av återvändandestödets funktion och effekt, men också av hur livet utvecklat sig för personer som faktiskt hörsammat myndigheternas uppmaning att lämna Sverige.
Vilket återvändande?
FARR vill betona att många personer som räknas som medborgare i Afghanistan till stora delar levt sitt liv utanför landet, och har ingen eller liten erfarenhet av landet. Rapporten lyfter detta och föreslår mer information i "återvändande"-processen. FARR vill framhålla att "återvändandet" också är särskilt riskfyllt för utsatta personer och för dem som saknar nätverk, något som inte går att lösa med mer information. Detta gäller också en del av dem som utvisas till Irak.
FARR anser att det är djupt oetiskt att mot en engångssumma och utan ordentlig uppföljning utvisa personer till mycket oroliga länder där säkerhetsläget snabbt kan ändras.
Läs mer (Extern länk)
ECRE 21-06-11:
Study: Experiences of deported Afghans in current developments in Afghanistan
Drawing on several years of research, Afghanistan expert Friederike Stahlmann has documented the experiences of 113 of the 908 Afghans deported from Germany between December 2016 and March 2020. This article provides the key findings of her study "Experiences and Perspectives of Deported Afghans in the Context of Current Political and Economic Developments in Afghanistan" that was published by Diakonie Deutschland, Bread for the World and Diakonie Hessen in June 2021.
The majority of the deportees included in the evaluation experienced violence against themselves or their relatives because they had fled to Europe, lived there or were deported. This for example included being persecuted as enemies by the Taliban because of having fled to Europe and the alleged "defection to the enemy." The accusation of Westernization, of "immoral" behaviour in Europe, as well as apostasy, i.e. lapse from the Muslim faith due to association with non-believers, is a threat to them not only from the public, the Taliban and state actors, but also from their own families.
A further, significant risk of violence emerges from the often unpaid debts to creditors which were accrued for financing the flight to Europe. The assumption that returnees from Europe are wealthy further increases the risk of criminal attacks. All of these dangers also threaten the families of returnees. The social exclusion they face due to these dangers, as well as the stigmatization as "Westernized," unsuccessful returnees, and perceived criminals, increases the risk of becoming victim of generalized violence such as acts of war, crime, or persecution for other reasons. Afghanistan was the most insecure country in the world in 2019 and 2020.
This general violence affected over sixty percent of the deportees in this study. Although most of the deportees documented by the study were able to receive special protection in hiding places paid for by private supporters in Germany, overall about 90 percent of deportees experienced violence.
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Artikeln med länkar till studien och annat material (Extern länk)
Arkiveringsdatum 201002:
PICUM / Statewatch 20-09-23:
Deportations from Europe: individual stories told in new publication
The Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM) has published a booklet of stories of people in Lagos and Benin City, Nigeria, and Bamako, Mali, who have been deported from Europe.
"By providing short glimpses into the lives and stories of individuals who have been deported from Europe to Nigeria and Mali, this project aims to shed light on the impact of EU return policies on people's lives and dreams."
The interviews were conducted by researcher Jill Alpes, who will be speaking about the risks faced after deporation at the Statewatch TNI webinar 'Deportation Union: revamped return policies and reckless forced removals' on Monday 28 September.
The individuals' stories are all different, with experiences of deportation from four EU member states and the UK to Niger, Nigeria and Mali. Some of the interviewees had emigrated from their countries of origin due to violence or lack of employment, while others had grown up in Europe.
However, the stories share common themes in their accounts of homelessness, stigmatisation and exclusion upon return, and how these issues are exacerbated by problems created by deportation procedures in Europe, such as issues with documentation and detention.
Of the 12 people interviewed, seven had nowhere to go once they landed, and five explicitly report that they never saw the "emergency travel documents" they were issued to legitimise their removal. Shame over having been deported, culture shock, stigmatisation and challenges to reintegration are also reported.
The booklet ends with a series of recommendations concerning EU policies.
Notisen i Statewatch (Extern länk)
Removed: Stories of hardship and resilience in facing deportation and its aftermath (Extern länk till pdf-fil)
Arkiveringsdatum 200805:
Reliefweb 20-07-18:
Coming back to Afghanistan: Deported minors' needs at a time of COVID-19
Unaccompanied children on the move have become more common. This demographic shift calls for a transition to child-sensitive return programmes and policies - yet despite increased returns and deportations, support has decreased over the last decade in Afghanistan. COVID-19 has increased the risks of returns, and the response to the pandemic remains insufficient to meet the needs at the border - especially for children and women. This research was conducted by Samuel Hall for War Child UK and UNICEF to assess the impact of COVID-19 on minor deportees and returnees. It provides actionable learning to inform more effective and relevant design, implementation, and adjustment of future interventions targeting minor deportees.
This note is based on research conducted by Samuel Hall for War Child UK and UNICEF in 2019, as well as follow-up calls in April 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on minor deportees and returnees.
The original study was conducted with 403 phone surveys with deportee children, and over 80 qualitative interviews deported children/youth or their parents/guardians across two western provinces - Herat and Badghis. In addition, 29 key informant interviews were conducted with government representatives, CPAN, UN and NGO representatives throughout the course of the research.
In 2020, due to the spread of COVID-19 reaching all 34 provinces of Afghanistan, and with specific concerns in the Western region, additional interviews were conducted with some of the same social workers, guardians and family members. This brief summarises the data available to date.
Läs mer och hämta rapporten (Extern länk)
Arkiveringsdatum 200208:
Danish Refugee Council, Norwegian Refugee Council mfl 20-01- 31:
Unprepared for (re)integration: Lessons learned from refugee returns to urban areas
Lessons learned from Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria
Report from Danish Refugee Council, Norwegian Refugee Council, International Rescue Committee, Samuel Hall, Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat
This study informs programming and policies in relation to refugee returns and, specifically, with regards to their (re)integration within urban areas, with a focus on Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria. While millions of refugees return to poverty, conflict and insecurity in all three settings, a tunnel focus on returns rather than on (re)integration has limited value for long-term planning. Stakeholders, including communities and returnees themselves, have been unprepared for what happens post-return.
In this context, the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), the International Rescue Committee (IRC) and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) have drawn lessons from recent responses to refugee movements in Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria. Return trends have shifted in each of these contexts in recent years, driven by changing governmental priorities and conditions in host and origin countries. Although return contexts are diverse, some patterns are common, and refugees' own priorities and actions need to be considered in order to build the way for effective programming.
Objectives and methodology
The main report supports the thinking and planning around (re)integration by examining patterns of return and identifying obstacles, including operational, policy and knowledge gaps, to support better preparedness for (re)integration. It asks: "How can returnees, receiving communities, governments and organisations be more effectively prepared so as to lay the ground and work towards sustainable (re)integration? What has worked and what could work?"
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Hämta rapporten (Extern länk)
Källor: Informationen på denna sida är hämtad från följande källor (externa länkar): EU (kommissionen, ministerrådet, parlamentet och domstolen), Europarådet (mr-kommissionären, domstolen, kommittén mot tortyr), FN:s flyktingkommissariat UNHCR, FN:s kommitté mot tortyr m.fl. FN-organ, Sveriges Radio, SvT, andra svenska media via Nyhetsfilter och pressmeddelanden via Newsdesk, utländska media till exempel via Are You Syrious och Rights in Exile, internationella organisationer som Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, ECRE, Statewatch och Picum, organisationer i Sverige som Rädda Barnen, Asylrättscentrum, Svenska Amnesty, FARR och #vistårinteut samt myndigheter och politiska organ som Migrationsverket, Sveriges domstolar, JO, Justitiedepartementet m.fl. departement och Sveriges Riksdag.
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