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Labour rights of undocumented migrant workers: What does the EU say?
Many key sectors of Europe's economy rely on undocumented migrant workers. More often than not, workers' precarious or irregular status is leveraged by employers to reduce their labour costs, by imposing particularly poor working conditions, such as extremely long hours without rest periods, and withholding or stealing workers' wages.
But undocumented workers do have a range of rights at work that are enshrined in both international and EU legal frameworks. In the EU, several laws on fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equality, employment and health and safety, migration, anti-trafficking and victims' rights provide for specific protections that also apply to undocumented workers.
To begin with, labour rights are human rights, so included in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights. There are several provisions which are crucial for workers' rights, in particular rights to freedom of assembly and association; information, collective bargaining and action; non-discrimination; effective remedy and fair trial; the protection against unjustified dismissal, and the right to fair and just working conditions. The latter is elaborated as working conditions which respect health, safety and dignity, and the rights to limitations of working hours, daily and weekly rest periods and a period of paid annual leave. These fundamental rights apply to all workers in the European Union, including when undocumented. For some aspects, specific EU directives go further in specifying minimum standards for these rights.
Read our guide
We divide the EU directives between those that definitely apply to undocumented workers and those that should apply to them.
1. Directives that definitely apply to undocumented workers
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Hela artikeln (Extern länk)
Se även ILO-beslut som även rör papperslösa:
ILO 22-06-10: Major breakthrough on occupational health and safety (Extern länk)
EU council adopts child guarantee that benefits undocumented children
On Monday 14 June 2021, the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) unanimously adopted the Council Recommendation establishing a European Child Guarantee. In a clear signal to both children and governments, the Council's text states that all children in need must be able to benefit from the Child Guarantee actions, irrespective of their migration status. This momentous step forward cannot be underestimated, as activities supporting undocumented people have long been excluded from EU funding in the past. But with member states now tasked with developing national Child Guarantee action plans, national governments and civil society must make sure that undocumented children in need can and will benefit in practice.
Opening up access to key services
According to the Council Recommendation, undocumented children and children in migration who are "at risk of poverty or social exclusion" should have effective and free access to high-quality early childhood education and care (ECEC), education and school-based activities, at least one healthy meal each school day and healthcare. They should also have effective access to healthy nutrition and adequate housing.
As shown in PICUM research, all of these areas of life are rife with difficulties and exclusion for undocumented children and families. Undocumented children and families often live in cramped, unhealthy housing, need to overcome financial or administrative barriers to go to school, are excluded from early childhood education and care, may not be eating healthy because of a tight family budget and, depending on where they live, may only be able to benefit from emergency health care.
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New EU Strategy on Victims' Rights supports safe reporting for undocumented victims
The EU's new strategy (2020-2025) on victims highlights the special vulnerability of undocumented people to victimisation, the challenges they face in accessing protection, services and justice, and their rights under EU law. The strategy further urges member states to allow for the reporting of crimes by migrants, regardless of residence status. It also underlines that detainees are among the most vulnerable groups and that more needs to be done to ensure they have effective access to justice.
Picum Newsletter (Extern länk)
EU-kommissionen 20-06-24: COM(2020) 258 final, EU Strategy on victims' rights (2020-2025) (Extern länk till pdf-fil)
Källor: Informationen på denna sida är hämtad från följande källor (externa länkar): EU (kommissionen, ministerrådet, parlamentet och domstolen), Europarådet (mr-kommissionären, domstolen, kommittén mot tortyr), FN:s flyktingkommissariat UNHCR, FN:s kommitté mot tortyr m.fl. FN-organ, Sveriges Radio, SvT, andra svenska media via Nyhetsfilter och pressmeddelanden via Newsdesk, utländska media till exempel via Are You Syrious och Rights in Exile, internationella organisationer som Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, ECRE, Statewatch och Picum, organisationer i Sverige som Rädda Barnen, Asylrättscentrum, Svenska Amnesty, FARR och #vistårinteut samt myndigheter och politiska organ som Migrationsverket, Sveriges domstolar, JO, Justitiedepartementet m.fl. departement och Sveriges Riksdag.
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